Leptospirosis in Dogs: What You Need to Know to Keep Your Pet Safe
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects both humans and animals worldwide. With over 250 known strains (serovars), it poses a serious health risk, especially in regions prone to flooding and high rodent populations.
Why Leptospirosis Matters Globally
Leptospira bacteria thrive in moist environments and are spread through the urine of infected animals. Humans and dogs can contract the disease through contact with contaminated water, soil, or food. Outbreaks often follow flooding events, making climate change a key driver of risk.
Global Strains of Leptospira
Different regions face different dominant strains:
- New Zealand: Copenhageni (rats), Pomona & Hardjo (livestock)
- North America & Europe: Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae
- Tropical regions: Additional strains linked to wildlife and flooding
This diversity means vaccines vary by country. In New Zealand, dog vaccines typically protect against Copenhageni only, while in North America and Europe, vaccines often cover four strains.
Infographic: Global Leptospirosis Vaccine Coverage
Why Vaccinate Dogs Against Leptospirosis
Dogs are both victims and vectors of leptospirosis. They can suffer severe illness and may shed bacteria in their urine for months, posing a risk to humans. Vaccination is essential to protect pets and reduce transmission.
Recommended protocol:
- Primary course of two vaccines, given 2–4 weeks apart
- Annual boosters to maintain immunity
A Human Story: When Leptospirosis Strikes
In a recent NZ Herald article ( behind a paywall), a farmer shared how he mistook leptospirosis for a simple chill—until it became life-threatening. His experience underscores the importance of early diagnosis and prevention.
Global Prevention Tips
- Vaccinate pets and livestock
- Wear protective gear when handling animals or soil
- Avoid untreated water sources
- Control rodents
- Seek medical care early for flu-like symptoms after exposure
Learn More
Explore our Pet Health Products and check the AVMA website for more resources on preventing leptospirosis.
Stay informed. Stay protected.
About the Author: Fiona Robertson
Fiona Robertson is a trained veterinary nurse, qualified teacher, Newfoundland dog breeder, and founder of Newflands Pet Wellness. With a lifelong connection to animals and professional veterinary experience, Fiona pioneered New Zealand’s first Hoki Oil pet supplement in 2010 after her beloved Newfoundland, Rosie, was diagnosed with heart disease. Unable to find a natural, traceable, and sustainable fish oil locally, she used her veterinary nursing background to formulate a premium supplement using MSC-certified sustainable New Zealand Hoki. This commitment to innovation later expanded into pioneering hoki-based gravy and functional topper solutions for dogs, designed to support palatability, hydration, and daily wellness. Today, Fiona is exporting New Zealand’s finest pet wellness products to pet owners around the world, continuing to research and develop therapeutic‑grade supplements, treats, and care products that deliver measurable results for pet health worldwide.
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